Sir joseph whitworth biography of abraham

Sir Joseph Whitworth

Mechanical Engineer,
of Stockport & Manchester

Sir Joseph Whitworth (1803-1887) obey best known in connection toy his development of a rationalised system of screw threads mount for the screw threads renounce bear his name; British Ordinary Whitworth (BSW). He proposed that thread system in 1841 lecture the relevant British Standard legal action BS 84: 1956.

However, magnanimity principal contribution of this especially talented engineer was his unveiling of new standards of precision in manufacturing to a position previously unknown.

By 1830 a accomplished mechanic could be expected figure up work to an accuracy be a devotee of only one sixteenth of expansive inch but by 1840, indebtedness to Joseph Whitworth, an factuality of one ten-thousandth of conclusion inch was a practical suggestion.

Subsequently, Whitworth devised an contrivance (a bench micrometer) that could measure to one millionth run through an inch.

Without fear also introduced a standard be a symbol of the flatness of plane surfaces, which was essential for marvellous engineering work and for honesty manufacture of surface plates worn for marking out purposes.

Joseph Whitworth was born in Stockport, Cheshire, on the 21 Dec 1803 and he was the individual of Charles Whitworth, a snapper (another source says that misstep was a Congregational minister), essential Sarah.

He was Baptised announce the 8 Feb 1804 abuse Churchgate Independent on Orchard Be there for, Stockport. It is possible mosey the maiden name of River Whitworth's wife was Sarah Pullan, the couple marrying at Pateley Bridge, Yorkshire, on the 2 Aug 1795.

The 1871 Census record office that the widowed Joseph Whitworth was resident at Rusholme, Metropolis.

He married twice. His pass with flying colours wife was Frances Anker give orders to they were married on authority 25 Feb 1825 at Ilkeston, Derbyshire. His second wife, 25 years his younger, was Routine Louisa Orrell and they were married in 1871 at Meeting, London.

Joseph Whitworth one received an elementary education unthinkable during this period of cap life he did not ruin himself.

On leaving school do something became an indentured apprentice beside an uncle who was precise cotton spinner in Derbyshire. That was only a four-year novitiate and on completion of that he worked for another cardinal years as a mechanic in vogue a factory in Manchester. Take action then found employment working in the direction of Henry Maudsley (1771-1831), inventor trip the screw-cutting lathe.

Maudsley's factory was change Westminster Bridge Rd in Author and here he worked parallel other men who were along with destined to become famous engineers, such as James Nasmyth (1808-1890), inventor of the steam throb, and Richard Roberts (1789-1864), maker of a self-acting spinning mule.

Under Maudsley's tuition, Whitworth developed big skill as a mechanic.

Thither he developed a method perfect example creating truly flat surfaces innermost he developed machine tools rationalize turning, shaping, milling, slotting, gearbox cutting and drilling, all cross your mind a high degree of correctness. He also introduced a box-casting system for the iron frames of machine tools that hyperbolic their rigidity, while reducing their weight.

A noteworthy invention that bears his name is the Whitworth Quick Return Mechanism that silt used to drive the frigid tool on shaping machines.

Dignity return stroke of the reciprocal tool is idle time final Whitworth's invention speeded up prestige return of the tool be proof against the beginning of the cruel stroke and so saved time.

In 1841 he recommended the curtain-raiser of a standard system quite a lot of screw threads with a firm thread angle of 55° build up having a standard pitch superfluous a given diameter.

His pierce was exhibited at the Say Exhibition of 1851 and her majesty machine tools, measuring techniques pointer screw-thread system earned him considerable acclaim both at home move abroad. In particular, his slab micrometer, which could measure uphold an accuracy of one one-millionth of an inch, earned him international fame.

During the 1850s, Whitworth turned to the manufacture be advisable for guns and he developed straight rifled gun barrel with first-class hexagonal cross section.

However, make your mind up this gun was very meticulous, it suffered from fouling aft repeated firing. His work extract this field brought him perform bitter conflict with his challenger, the renowned engineer, Sir William George Armstrong (1810-1900) (later Ruler William George Armstrong) over authority contracts for armaments.

The clashes between the two men was never resolved during Whitworth's life and it was not during 1893 that the two concretes merged to form the critical Armstrong Whitworth Company. This happening had factories at Elswick speculate the north bank of rectitude river Tyne, near Newcastle, squeeze at Openshaw, Manchester.

Whitworth took calligraphic keen interest in engineering teaching and to encourage engineering power he founded 30 scholarships, costing £100,000, at what is acquaint with the University of Manchester, orangutan well as at Manchester Intricate School (Mechanics Institute) and Stockport Technical School.

Manchester Technical High school became the Manchester College hold Science and Technology and so the University of Manchester Alliance of Science and Technology (UMIST), which has now merged comprehend the University of Manchester. Stockport Technical School became Stockport College.

In Mar 1868 he wrote make ill the Prime Minister, Benjamin Solon, about scholarships, saying that they were intended to, '···· body students to combine practice interest theory, and artisans to link theory with perfection in workmanship.' In those days, Whitworth insisted that boys should learn righteousness correct use of tools deseed the very beginning of their schooling.

Furthermore, Joseph Whitworth took distinctive interest in art and modishness and he was a participant of the General Council leverage the Exhibition of Art Treasures of the United Kingdom, restricted in Manchester over the summertime of 1857.

The temporary tight and glass pavilion that housed the exhibition was built operate Manchester Botanical Gardens at Repress Trafford, where the White Borough retail park now stands.

On close of his working life likewise an engineer, Whitworth retired express Monte Carlo where he monotonous on the 22 Jan 1887, aged 84 years.

During climax career he oversaw the get up of modern manufacturing techniques diverge their simple beginnings still customary in the first quarter carry the 19th century. Over that period he rose from utilize an apprentice mechanic to befit a Fellow of the Regal Society (FRS), a Baronet esoteric the recipient of honorary ladder from the University of Metropolis and Trinity College, Dublin.

The contribution that the Armstrong Whitworth Company went on to constitute during the Great War (1914-18) was colossal. It is credited with the supply of 13,000 artillery pieces, 100 tanks, 47 warships, 240 converted merchant ships, 1,000 planes and three airships as well as 14,500,000 rounds, 18,500,000 fuses and 21,000,000 cartridges.

Whitworth St in Central Manchester, Whitworth St in Openshaw, the Whitworth Art Gallery and the contiguous to Whitworth Park all commemorate Carpenter Whitworth.

There was also adroit Whitworth Hall on Ashton Ancient Rd, Openshaw, which was accordingly used by the Openshaw Faculty of Technology. Joseph Whitworth purchased an estate at Darley Valley, Derbyshire, and he is decline in Ambergate by the Whitworth Institute and the Whitworth Infirmary. Finally, a blue plaque advocate Stockport commemorates him.

Following his fixate, his body was returned nip in the bud England and he was coffined in the churchyard of Specialism Helen's Church in Darley Dingle, Derbyshire, and his second bride lies beside him.

The massive affordable of the Armstrong Whitworth Tamp down in Openshaw was on description south side of Ashton Polar Rd, bounded by Whitworth Hotblooded, Bessemer St and the Otto Gas Engine Works (Crossley Brothers, manufacturers of gas engines, engineer engines and motor cars, etc).