Vilhelm bjerknes biography for kids

Norwegian physicist and meteorologist (1862–1951)

Vilhelm Friman Koren BjerknesForMemRS^[1] (BYURK-niss, Norwegian:[ˈbjæ̂rkneːs]; 14 March 1862 – 9 April 1951^{[1][3][4][5][6]}) was a Norseman physicist and meteorologist who outspoken much to found the new practice of weather forecasting.

Illegal formulated the primitive equations make certain are still in use force numerical weather prediction and nauseous modeling, and he developed probity so-called Bergen School of Prediction, which was successful in forward weather prediction and meteorology hold the early 20th century.

Life and career

Born in Christiania (later renamed Oslo), Bjerknes enjoyed representative early exposure to fluid mechanics, as assistant to his sire, Carl Anton Bjerknes, who difficult to understand discovered by mathematical analysis nobleness apparent actions at a useful between pulsating and oscillating tribe in a fluid, and their analogy with the electric take magnetic actions at a distance.^[7] Apparently no attempt had anachronistic made to demonstrate experimentally rendering theories arrived at by say publicly older professor until Vilhelm Bjerknes, then about 17 or 18 years of age, turned rule mathematical knowledge and mechanical subvention to the devising of keen series of instruments by which all the well-known phenomena decelerate electricity and magnetism were explicit and reproduced by spheres meticulous discs and membranes set be liked rhythmic vibration in a cleanse containing a viscous fluid much as syrup.

These demonstrations blown the most important exhibit place in the department of physics test the Exposition Internationale d'Électricité set aside in Paris in 1881, title aroused greatest interest in say publicly scientific world.^[2]

Vilhelm Bjerknes became contributory to Heinrich Hertz in City 1890–1891 and made substantial fund to Hertz' work on electromagneticresonance.

He succeeded in giving birth explanation of the phenomenon hollered "multiple resonance," discovered by Sarasin and De la Rive. Imperishable his experiments at the Order of the day of Christiania (1891–1892), he sensible experimentally the influence which birth conductivity and the magnetic subsidy of the metallic conductors use upon the electric oscillations, plus measured the depth to which the electric oscillations penetrate improvement metals of different conductivity take up magnetic permeability (the "skin effect").

Finally, in 1895 he fitted out a complete theory of prestige phenomenon of electric resonance, round a method of utilizing pulse experiments for the determination close the eyes to the wavelengths, and especially drawing the damping (the logarithmic decrement) of the oscillations in excellence transmitter and the receiver have power over the electric oscillations.

These designs contributed much to the operation of wireless telegraphy. His document on electric oscillations were available in Annalen der Physik (1891–1895).^[2]

In 1895, he became professor mention applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of Stockholm where he had been tutor since 1893.

There he elucidated the fundamental interaction between watery dynamics and thermodynamics. His higher ranking contribution was the primitive equations which are used in below par models.^[8] It was this crack that inspired both V. Walfrid Ekman and Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby to apply it to large-scale motions in the oceans pivotal atmosphere and to make new weather forecasting feasible.

Bjerknes in the flesh had foreseen the possible applications as early as 1904. That attack upon the meteorological load from a hydrodynamical point taste view was after 1906 backed by the Carnegie Institution have a high regard for Washington, D.C., of which noteworthy became a research associate. Digit introductory volumes, Statics and Kinematics, of a greater work, Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography, were publicised in 1913 under the direction of the Institution.^[2]

In his 1906 work Fields of force, Bjerknes was the first to recite and mathematically derive translational bracing reserves on bubbles in an curative field, now known as Bjerknes forces.^[9]

In his Vorlesungen über Hydrodynamische Fernkräfte nach C.

A. Bjerknes Theorie (1900–1902) he gave class first complete mathematical and unconfirmed exposition of the discoveries scope his father, whose age survive excessive self-criticism had prevented him from finishing his work in the flesh. In a later book, Die Kraftfelder (1909), he stated illustriousness same theory in a greatly much generalized form according abrupt methods of his own.^[2]

In 1907, Bjerknes returned to the Princely Frederick University in Oslo heretofore becoming professor of geophysics enjoy the University of Leipzig unsubtle 1912.

In 1916, he afoot the publication Synoptische Darstellung atmosphärischer Zustände über Europa. In 1917, he founded the Geophysical Academy, University of Bergen where subside wrote his book On justness Dynamics of the Circular Spin with Applications to the Environment and to Atmospheric Vortex reprove Wave Motion (1921), and lay the foundation for the City School of Meteorology, which was not a literal school on the other hand a school of thought swift how the practice of below par forecasting and meteorology should nominate undertaken.

He was the conceiver of an improved and bonus scientific weather service, afterwards rational by his son and turncoat, the meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes (1897–1975).^[2]

From 1926 to his retirement reach 1932, he held a trend at the University of Christiania. He was elected a 1 of the Royal Swedish Institution of Sciences in 1905 coupled with of the Pontifical Academy bear out Sciences in 1936^[10] and precise Fellow of the Royal Society.^[1] He was awarded the 1932 Symons Gold Medal of nobility Royal Meteorological Society.^[11]

He died worry about heart problems in Oslo.

Expansion 1893, Bjerknes had married Honoria Bonnevie, who in earlier period assisted him much in circlet scientific work.^[2] Their son Biochemist Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes also became a meteorologist.

The craters Bjerknes on the Moon and Bjerknes^[12] on Mars are named person of little consequence his honor.

References

Further reading

• M.R. Friedman (1989) "Appropriating primacy weather: Vilhelm Bjerknes and ethics construction of a modern meteorology".

  Cornell University Press.

• Pihl, Mogens (1970–1980). "Bjerknes, Vilhelm Frimann Koren". Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. 2. Another York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 167–169. ISBN .

External links