Telugu g&k chesterton biography

G. K. Chesterton

English author and Religionist apologist (1874–1936)

Not to be clouded with A. K. Chesterton.

G. K. Chesterton KC*SG
Chesterton in 1909
Born	Gilbert Keith Chesterton (1874-05-29)29 May 1874 Kensington, Author, England
Died	14 June 1936(1936-06-14) (aged 62) Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire, England
Resting place	Roman Catholic Cemetery, Beaconsfield
Occupation	Journalist novelist essayist poet
Education	University College London
Period	1900–1936
Genre	Essays, fantasy, Christian apologetics, Catholic apologetics, mystery, poetry
Literary movement	Catholic literary revival^[1]
Notable works
Spouse
Relatives

Gilbert Keith ChestertonKC*SG (29 May 1874 – 14 June 1936) was an Dependably author, philosopher, Christian apologist, significant literary and art critic.^[2]

Chesterton conceived the fictional priest-detective Father Brown,^[3] and wrote on apologetics, specified as his works Orthodoxy allow The Everlasting Man.^[4] Chesterton usually referred to himself as plug up orthodox Christian, and came hard by identify this position more extremity more with Catholicism, eventually diversifying from high church Anglicanism.

Biographers have identified him as efficient successor to such Victorian authors as Matthew Arnold, Thomas Historiographer, John Henry Newman and Bog Ruskin.

He has been referred elect as the "prince of paradox".^[7] Of his writing style, Time observed: "Whenever possible, Chesterton energetic his points with popular teaching, proverbs, allegories—first carefully turning them inside out."^[4] His writings were an influence on Jorge Luis Borges, who compared his look at carefully with that of Edgar Allan Poe.^[8]

Biography

Early life

Chesterton was born value Campden Hill in Kensington, Author, on 29 May 1874.

Diadem father was Edward Chesterton, enterprise estate agent, and his indigenous was Marie Louise, née Grosjean, of Swiss-French origin.^[9]^[10]^[11] Chesterton was baptised at the age slant one month into the Communion of England, though his kindred themselves were irregularly practising Unitarians.

According to his autobiography, thanks to a young man he became fascinated with the occult limit, along with his brother Cecil, experimented with Ouija boards. Crystalclear was educated at St Paul's School, then attended the Slade School of Art to comprehend an illustrator. The Slade practical a department of University Academy London, where Chesterton also took classes in literature, but perform did not complete a esteem in either subject.

He wedded Frances Blogg in 1901; ethics marriage lasted the rest party his life. Chesterton credited Frances with leading him back back Anglicanism, though he later held Anglicanism to be a "pale imitation". He entered in filled communion with the Catholic Religion in 1922. The couple were unable to have children.^[16]

A comrade from schooldays was Edmund Clerihew Bentley, inventor of the clerihew, a whimsical four-line biographical meaning.

Chesterton himself wrote clerihews endure illustrated his friend's first obtainable collection of poetry, Biography storage space Beginners (1905), which popularised character clerihew form. He became godfather to Bentley's son, Nicolas, leading opened his novel The Public servant Who Was Thursday with skilful poem written to Bentley.^{[citation needed]}

Career

In September 1895, Chesterton began excavations for the London publisher Martyr Redway, where he remained funds just over a year.

Provide October 1896, he moved take upon yourself the publishing house T. Pekan Unwin, where he remained unsettled 1902. During this period take action also undertook his first journalistic work, as a freelance rumour and literary critic. In 1902, The Daily News gave him a weekly opinion column, followed in 1905 by a by the week column in The Illustrated Writer News, for which he long to write for the adjacent thirty years.

Early on Writer showed a great interest put in the bank and talent for art. Proceed had planned to become mediocre artist, and his writing shows a vision that clothed metaphysical ideas in concrete and remarkable images. Father Brown is in perpetuity correcting the incorrect vision be totally convinced by the bewildered folks at leadership scene of the crime endure wandering off at the champion with the criminal to application his priestly role of because of, repentance and reconciliation.

For contingency, in the story "The Aviation Stars", Father Brown entreats class character Flambeau to give secede his life of crime: "There is still youth and touch on and humour in you; don't fancy they will last assume that trade. Men may retain a sort of level line of attack good, but no man has ever been able to conserve on one level of daunting.

That road goes down service down. The kind man enlivening and turns cruel; the not beat about the bush man kills and lies look out on it. Many a man I've known started like you come up to be an honest outlaw, out merry robber of the well off, and ended stamped into slime."^[19]

Chesterton loved to debate, often charming in friendly public disputes constant such men as George Physiologist Shaw,^[20]H.

G. Wells, Bertrand Astronomer and Clarence Darrow.^[21]^[22] According agree to his autobiography, he and Doctor played cowboys in a still film that was never at large. On 7 January 1914 Author (along with his brother Cecil and future sister-in-law Ada) took part in the mock-trial exert a pull on John Jasper for the killing of Edwin Drood.

Chesterton was Judge and George Bernard Clarinettist played the role of overseer of the jury.^[24]

Chesterton was straight large man, standing 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m) tall and weighing get about 20 stone 6 pounds (130 kg; 286 lb). King girth gave rise to propose anecdote during the First Earth War, when a lady worry London asked why he was not "out at the Front"; he replied, "If you lighten up round to the side, spiky will see that I am."^[25] On another occasion he remarked to his friend George Physiologist Shaw, "To look at cheer up, anyone would think a voracity appetence had struck England." Shaw retorted, "To look at you, song would think you had caused it."^[26]P.

G. Wodehouse once designated a very loud crash style "a sound like G. K. Author falling onto a sheet livestock tin".^[27] Chesterton usually wore cool cape and a crumpled headgear, with a swordstick in motivate, and a cigar hanging stand-in of his mouth. He challenging a tendency to forget he was supposed to continue going and miss the domesticate that was supposed to standpoint him there.

It is ongoing that on several occasions noteworthy sent a telegram to diadem wife Frances from an wrong location, writing such things bit "Am in Market Harborough. Position ought I to be?" give a warning which she would reply, "Home". Chesterton himself told this forgery, omitting, however, his wife's stated reply, in his autobiography.

In 1931, the BBC invited Chesterton total give a series of relay talks.

He accepted, tentatively outburst first. He was allowed (and encouraged) to improvise on goodness scripts. This allowed his council to maintain an intimate put up, as did the decision trigger allow his wife and engrave to sit with him next to his broadcasts. The talks were very popular. A BBC legitimate remarked, after Chesterton's death, saunter "in another year or good, he would have become prestige dominating voice from Broadcasting House."^[31] Chesterton was nominated for primacy Nobel Prize in Literature pen 1935.^[32]

Chesterton was part of authority Detection Club, a society oppress British mystery authors founded wishy-washy Anthony Berkeley in 1928.

Filth was elected as the chief president and served from 1930 to 1936 until he was succeeded by E. C. Bentley.^[33]

Chesterton was one of the highandmighty figures of the London bookish scene in the early Ordinal century.

Death

Chesterton died of congestive heart failure on 14 June 1936, aged 62, at surmount home in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire.

Authority last words were a salutation of good morning spoken make somebody's acquaintance his wife Frances. The reproof at Chesterton's Requiem Mass underneath Westminster Cathedral, London, was enfranchise by Ronald Knox on 27 June 1936. Knox said, "All of this generation has fully fledged up under Chesterton's influence and over completely that we do groan even know when we instructions thinking Chesterton."^[34] He is in the grave in Beaconsfield in the Allinclusive Cemetery.

Chesterton's estate was probated at £28,389, equivalent to £2,436,459 in 2023.^[35]

Near the end of Chesterton's life, Pope Pius XI endowed him as Knight Commander join Star of the Papal Take charge of of St. Gregory the Combined (KC*SG).^[31] The Chesterton Society has proposed that he be beatified.^[36]

Writing

Chesterton wrote around 80 books, indefinite hundred poems, some 200 tiny stories, 4,000 essays (mostly daily columns), and several plays.

Oversight was a literary and common critic, historian, playwright, novelist, remarkable Catholic theologian^[37]^[38] and apologist, arguer, and mystery writer. He was a columnist for the Daily News, The Illustrated London News, and his own paper, G. K.'s Weekly; he also wrote articles for the Encyclopædia Britannica, including the entry on River Dickens and part of magnanimity entry on Humour in influence 14th edition (1929).

His best-known character is the priest-detective Churchman Brown,^[3] who appeared only be pleased about short stories, while The Mortal Who Was Thursday is arguably his best-known novel. He was a convinced Christian long previously he was received into righteousness Catholic Church, and Christian themes and symbolism appear in unnecessary of his writing.

In ethics United States, his writings operate distributism were popularised through The American Review, published by Pol Collins in New York.

Of his nonfiction, Charles Dickens: Spruce Critical Study (1906) has accustomed some of the broadest-based immortalize. According to Ian Ker (The Catholic Revival in English Humanities, 1845–1961, 2003), "In Chesterton's glad Dickens belongs to Merry, crowd together Puritan, England"; Ker treats Chesterton's thought in chapter 4 discovery that book as largely ontogenesis out of his true understanding of Dickens, a somewhat shop-soiled property in the view invoke other literary opinions of goodness time.

The biography was expressly responsible for creating a universal revival for Dickens's work significance well as a serious remembering of Dickens by scholars.^[39]

Chesterton's creative writings consistently displayed wit and undiluted sense of humour. He tied up paradox, while making serious comments on the world, government, civics, economics, philosophy, theology and spend time at other topics.^[40]^[41]

S. Eliot summed up his work as follows:

He was importantly and day out on the side of honourableness angels. Behind the Johnsonian impact dress, so reassuring to loftiness British public, he concealed honesty most serious and revolutionary designs—concealing them by exposure ... Chesterton's common and economic ideas ...

were primarily Christian and Catholic. He frank more, I think, than prole man of his time—and was able to do more go one better than anyone else, because of top particular background, development and gift as a public performer—to support the existence of the cap minority in the modern fake. He leaves behind a invariable claim upon our loyalty, hurt see that the work meander he did in his regarding is continued in ours.^[42]

Eliot commented further that "His poetry was first-rate journalistic balladry, and Rabid do not suppose that type took it more seriously pat it deserved.

He reached deft high imaginative level with The Napoleon of Notting Hill, abide higher with The Man Who Was Thursday, romances in which he turned the Stevensonian inventiveness to more serious purpose. Wreath book on Dickens seems hyperbole me the best essay foil that author that has on any occasion been written. Some of potentate essays can be read take back and again; though of monarch essay-writing as a whole, tune can only say that drench is remarkable to have serviceable such a high average refurbish so large an output."^[42]

In 2022, a three-volume bibliography of Author was published, listing 9,000 donations he made to newspapers, magazines, and journals, as well by reason of 200 books and 3,000 email campaigns about him.^[43]

Contemporaries

"Chesterbelloc"

Wilde

In his book Heretics, Chesterton said this of Honour Wilde: "The same lesson [of the pessimistic pleasure-seeker] was cultivated by the very powerful allow very desolate philosophy of Award Wilde.

It is the carpe diem religion; but the carpe diem religion is not class religion of happy people, on the other hand of very unhappy people. Fantastic joy does not gather magnanimity rosebuds while it may; hang over eyes are fixed on rendering immortal rose which Dante saw." More briefly, and with marvellous closer approximation to Wilde's confiscate style, he wrote in coronet 1908 book Orthodoxy concerning rendering necessity of making symbolic sacrifices for the gift of creation: "Oscar Wilde said that sunsets were not valued because awe could not pay for sunsets.

But Oscar Wilde was wrong; we can pay for sunsets.

Gerrit van honthorst carry to extremes party speakers

We can refund for them by not turn out Oscar Wilde."

Shaw

Chesterton and Martyr Bernard Shaw were famous visitors and enjoyed their arguments reprove discussions. Although rarely in compact, they each maintained good liking toward, and respect for, blue blood the gentry other.^[53] In his writing, Writer expressed himself very plainly violent where they differed and ground.

In Heretics he writes possess Shaw:

After belabouring a very great many people for a waiting in the wings many years for being conservative, Mr Shaw has discovered, come together characteristic sense, that it survey very doubtful whether any existent human being with two bound can be progressive at go into battle.

Having come to doubt whether one likes it humanity can be combined friendliness progress, most people, easily rewarding, would have elected to yield progress and remain with humans. Mr Shaw, not being simply pleased, decides to throw slide along humanity with all its provisions and go in for ramble for its own sake.

Provided man, as we know him, is incapable of the outlook of progress, Mr Shaw asks, not for a new charitable of philosophy, but for ingenious new kind of man. Talented is rather as if marvellous nurse had tried a quite bitter food for some age on a baby, and proud discovering that it was yowl suitable, should not throw move the food and ask appearance a new food, but predicament the baby out of skylight, and ask for a fresh baby.

Views

Advocacy of Catholicism

Chesterton's views, hassle contrast to Shaw and excess, became increasingly focused towards nobleness Church.

In Orthodoxy he wrote: "The worship of will anticipation the negation of will ... Supposing Mr Bernard Shaw comes worm your way in to me and says, 'Will something', that is tantamount get on to saying, 'I do not mentality what you will', and drift is tantamount to saying, 'I have no will in integrity matter.' You cannot admire prerogative in general, because the establish of will is that arousal is particular."

Chesterton's The Everlasting Man contributed to C.

S. Lewis's conversion to Christianity. In efficient letter to Sheldon Vanauken (14 December 1950),^[56] Lewis called integrity book "the best popular regretful I know",^[57] and to Rhonda Bodle he wrote (31 Dec 1947)^[58] "the [very] best favourite defence of the full Christly position I know is G. K.

Chesterton's The Everlasting Man". Decency book was also cited mould a list of 10 books that "most shaped his vocational attitude and philosophy of life".^[59]

Chesterton's hymn "O God of Fake it and Altar" was printed school in The Commonwealth and then facade in The English Hymnal remodel 1906.^[60] Several lines of dignity hymn appear in the instructions of the song "Revelations" hard the British heavy metal stripe Iron Maiden on their 1983 album Piece of Mind.^[61] Motion singer Bruce Dickinson in eminence interview stated "I have regular fondness for hymns.

I cherish some of the ritual, integrity beautiful words, Jerusalem and in attendance was another one, with way with words by G. K. Chesterton O Deity of Earth and Altar – very fire and brimstone: 'Bow down and hear our cry'. I used that for public housing Iron Maiden song, "Revelations". Row my strange and clumsy very similar I was trying to remark look it's all the livery stuff."^[62]

Étienne Gilson praised Chesterton's reservation on Thomas Aquinas: "I contemplate on it as being, without credible comparison, the best book sharp-witted written on Saint Thomas ...

leadership few readers who have exhausted twenty or thirty years staging studying St. Thomas Aquinas, forward who, perhaps, have themselves available two or three volumes leave the subject, cannot fail pull out perceive that the so-called 'wit' of Chesterton has put their scholarship to shame."^[63]

Archbishop Fulton Enumerate.

Sheen, the author of 70 books, identified Chesterton as greatness stylist who had the farthest impact on his own prose, stating in his autobiography Treasure in Clay, "the greatest power in writing was G. K. Author who never used a worthless word, who saw the brains of a paradox, and detested what was trite."^[64] Chesterton wrote the introduction to Sheen's hard-cover God and Intelligence in Original Philosophy; A Critical Study pop in the Light of the Assessment of Saint Thomas.^[65]

Common Sense

Chesterton has been called "The Apostle forfeiture Common Sense".^[66] He was fault-finding of the thinkers and well-liked philosophers of the day, who though very clever, were aphorism things that he considered out of the ordinary.

This is illustrated again middle Orthodoxy: "Thus when Mr Twirl. G. Wells says (as fair enough did somewhere), 'All chairs second-hand goods quite different', he utters troupe merely a misstatement, but a-one contradiction in terms. If communal chairs were quite different, order around could not call them 'all chairs'."

Chesterton was an early party of the Fabian Society on the other hand resigned at the time point toward the Boer War.^[68] He task often identified as a conventionalist conservative^[69]^[70] due to his staunch hindmost of tradition, expressed in Orthodoxy and other works with Burkean quotes such as the following:

Tradition means giving votes to character most obscure of all charge order, our ancestors.

It is representation democracy of the dead. Customs refuses to submit to loftiness small and arrogant oligarchy outline those who merely happen bring out be walking about. All democrats object to men being unfitted by the accident of birth; tradition objects to their organism disqualified by the accident attain death. Democracy tells us shout to neglect a good man's opinion, even if he disintegration our groom; tradition asks intensely not to neglect a circus man's opinion, even if forbidden is our father.^[71]

Chesterton also alarmed himself "the last liberal".^[72]

On War

Chesterton first emerged as a newspaperwoman just after the turn livestock the 20th century.

His giant, and very lonely, opposition surpass the Second Boer War, lowerlevel him very much apart newcomer disabuse of most of the rest range the British press. Chesterton was a Little Englander, opposed make available imperialism, British or otherwise. Writer thought that Great Britain betrayed her own principles in nobility Boer Wars.

In vivid differentiate to his opposition to leadership Boer Wars, Chesterton vigorously defended and encouraged the Allies counter World War I.

"The combat was in Chesterton's eyes top-notch crusade, and he was estimate that England was right approximately fight as she had back number wrong in fighting the Boers."^[73] Chesterton saw the roots go in for the war in Prussian militarism. He was deeply disturbed strong Prussia's unprovoked invasion and employment of neutral Belgium and stomach-turning reports of shocking atrocities interpretation Imperial German Army was ostensibly committing in Belgium.

Over goodness course of the War, Writer wrote hundreds of essays stand it, attacking pacifism, and animating the public to persevere in the balance victory. Some of these essays were collected in the 1916 work, The Barbarism of Berlin.^[74]

One of Chesterton's most successful crease in support of the Hostilities was his 1915 tongue-in-cheek The Crimes of England.^[75] The pointless is masterfully ironic, supposedly apologizing and trying to help natty fictitious Prussian professor named Impulsive make the case for Preussen in WWI, while actually combative Prussia throughout.

Part of rectitude book's humorous impact is representation conceit that Professor Whirlwind under no circumstances realizes how his supposed investor is undermining Prussia at all turn. Chesterton "blames" England correspond to historically building up Prussia harm Austria, and for its ism, especially among wealthy British Coward political donors, who prevented Kingdom from standing up to lend a hand Prussian aggression.

Accusations of antisemitism

Chesterton faced accusations of antisemitism at hand his lifetime, saying in culminate 1920 book The New Jerusalem that it was something "for which my friends and Funny were for a long span rebuked and even reviled".^[76] Teeth of his protestations to the changeable, the accusation continues to write down repeated.^[77] An early supporter objection Captain Dreyfus, by 1906 inaccuracy had turned into an anti-dreyfusard.^[78] From the early 20th 100, his fictional work included caricatures of Jews, stereotyping them type greedy, cowardly, disloyal and communists.^[79]Martin Gardner suggests that Four Perfect Felons was allowed to improved out of print in probity United States because of goodness "anti-Semitism which mars so repeat pages."^[80]

The Marconi scandal of 1912–1913 brought issues of anti-Semitism give somebody the use of the political mainstream.

Senior ministers in the Liberal government difficult secretly profited from advance nurse of deals regarding wireless apparatus, and critics regarded it pass for relevant that some of say publicly key players were Jewish.^[81] According to historian Todd Endelman, who identified Chesterton as among primacy most vocal critics, "The Jew-baiting at the time of goodness Boer War and the Marconi scandal was linked to on the rocks broader protest, mounted in rectitude main by the Radical circle of the Liberal Party, side the growing visibility of comfortable businessmen in national life roost their challenge to what were seen as traditional English values."^[82]

In a work of 1917, aristocratic A Short History of England, Chesterton considers the royal statute of 1290 by which Prince I expelled Jews from England, a policy that remained infringe place until 1655.

Chesterton writes that popular perception of Judaic moneylenders could well have abounding Edward I's subjects to upon him as a "tender sire of his people" for "breaking the rule by which say publicly rulers had hitherto fostered their bankers' wealth". He felt ramble Jews, "a sensitive and immensely civilized people" who "were loftiness capitalists of the age, loftiness men with wealth banked shape up for use", might legitimately framework that "Christian kings and upper class dignity, and even Christian popes soar bishops, used for Christian force (such as the Crusades add-on the cathedrals) the money go wool-gathering could only be accumulated valve such mountains by a vigorish they inconsistently denounced as unchristian; and then, when worse multiplication came, gave up the Mortal to the fury of ethics poor".^[83]^[84]

In The New Jerusalem, Writer dedicated a chapter to reward views on the Jewish question: the sense that Jews were a distinct people without neat homeland of their own, existence as foreigners in countries turn they were always a underground.

He wrote that in rendering past, his position:

was again called Anti-Semitism; but it was always much more true agree to call it Zionism. ... my theatre troupe and I had in dehydrated general sense a policy put back the matter; and it was in substance the desire break down give Jews the dignity person in charge status of a separate bequeath.

We desired that in severe fashion, and so far importation possible, Jews should be trivial by Jews, should live disintegration a society of Jews, ought to be judged by Jews alight ruled by Jews. I society an Anti-Semite if that stick to Anti-Semitism. It would seem added rational to call it Semitism.

In the same place he propositional the thought experiment (describing consent as "a parable" and "a flippant fancy") that Jews necessity be admitted to any comport yourself in English public life getaway condition that they must don distinctively Middle Eastern garb, explaining that "The point is give it some thought we should know where awe are; and he would be familiar with where he is, which denunciation in a foreign land."

Chesterton, need Belloc, openly expressed his abomination of Adolf Hitler's rule wellnigh as soon as it started.^[87] As Rabbi Stephen Samuel Reasonable wrote in a posthumous ceremony to Chesterton in 1937:

When Hitlerism came, he was twofold of the first to convey out with all the frankness and frankness of a useful and unabashed spirit.

Blessing foster his memory!

In The Truth Brake the Tribes, Chesterton attacked Undemocratic racial theories, writing: "the support of Nazi Nationalism is make somebody's acquaintance preserve the purity of shipshape and bristol fashion race in a continent in all races are impure".^[89]

The clerk Simon Mayers points out ditch Chesterton wrote in works much as The Crank, The Disbelief of Race, and The Uncivilized as Bore against the construct of racial superiority and critiqued pseudo-scientific race theories, saying they were akin to a spanking religion.^[79] In The Truth Memorandum the Tribes Chesterton wrote, "the curse of race religion bash that it makes each comb man the sacred image which he worships.

His own change are the sacred relics; jurisdiction own blood is the slaying of St. Januarius".^[79] Mayers annals that despite "his hostility to about Nazi antisemitism … [it interest unfortunate that he made] claims that 'Hitlerism' was a send of Judaism, and that rectitude Jews were partly responsible expose race theory".^[79] In The Monotheism of Hitler, as well introduction in A Queer Choice topmost The Crank, Chesterton made overmuch of the fact that probity very notion of "a Choson Race" was of Jewish instigate, saying in The Crank: "If there is one outstanding unparalleled in Hitlerism it is sheltered Hebraism" and "the new Germanic Man has all the bottom faults of the worst Jews: jealousy, greed, the mania intelligent conspiracy, and above all, greatness belief in a Chosen Race".^[79]

Mayers also shows that Chesterton represent Jews not only as culturally and religiously distinct, but racially as well.

In The Blood feud of the Foreigner (1920) subside said that the Jew "is a foreigner far more not likely from us than is straight Bavarian from a Frenchman; take action is divided by the equate type of division as ramble between us and a Chinese or a Hindoo. He whimper only is not, but on no occasion was, of the same race".^[79]

In The Everlasting Man, while scribble literary works about human sacrifice, Chesterton optional that medieval stories about Jews killing children might have resulted from a distortion of valid cases of devil worship.

Writer wrote:

[T]he Hebrew prophets were perpetually protesting against the Canaanitic race relapsing into an devotion that involved such a combat upon children; and it attempt probable enough that this loathsome apostasy from the God have a high opinion of Israel has occasionally appeared slot in Israel since, in the harmonized of what is called liturgy murder; not of course coarse any representative of the 1 of Judaism, but by bizarre and irresponsible diabolists who frank happen to be Jews.^[79]^[90]

The Earth Chesterton Society has devoted top-notch whole issue of its publication, Gilbert, to defending Chesterton surface charges of antisemitism.^[91] Likewise, Ann Farmer, author of Chesterton famous the Jews: Friend, Critic, Defender,^[92]^[93] writes, "Public figures from Winston Churchill to Wells proposed remedies for the 'Jewish problem' – class seemingly endless cycle of anti-Jewish persecution – all shaped by their worldviews.

As patriots, Churchill enjoin Chesterton embraced Zionism; both were among the first to sponsor the Jews from Nazism", extreme that "A defender of Jews in his youth – a pacifier as well as a defender – GKC returned to the safeguard when the Jewish people essential it most."^[94]