Hans otto schrader biography of nancy pelosi
Nancy Pelosi
American politician (born 1940)
"Pelosi" redirects here. For other people set about this surname, see Pelosi (surname).
Nancy Pelosi | |
|---|---|
Official portrait, 2019 | |
| In office January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2023 | |
| Preceded by | Paul Ryan |
| Succeeded by | Kevin McCarthy |
| In office January 4, 2007 – January 3, 2011 | |
| Preceded by | Dennis Hastert |
| Succeeded by | John Boehner |
| In office January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2019 | |
| Whip | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | John Boehner |
| Succeeded by | Kevin McCarthy |
| In office January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2007 | |
| Whip | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | Dick Gephardt |
| Succeeded by | John Boehner |
| In office January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2023 | |
| Deputy | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | Dick Gephardt |
| Succeeded by | Hakeem Jeffries |
| In office January 15, 2002 – January 3, 2003 | |
| Leader | Dick Gephardt |
| Preceded by | David Bonior |
| Succeeded by | Steny Hoyer |
Incumbent | |
| Assumed office June 2, 1987 | |
| Preceded by | Sala Burton |
| Constituency | |
| In office February 27, 1981 – April 3, 1983 | |
| Preceded by | Richard J.
O'Neill |
| Succeeded by | Peter Kelly |
| Born | Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro (1940-03-26) March 26, 1940 (age 84) Baltimore, Colony, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 5, including Christine instruction Alexandra |
| Parent | |
| Relatives | Thomas D'Alesandro III (brother) |
| Residence(s) | San Francisco, Calif., U.S. |
| Education | Trinity College, Washington (BA) |
| Awards | Presidential Award of Freedom (2024) |
| Signature | |
| Website | House website |
Nancy Patricia Pelosi (pə-LOH-see; née D'Alesandro; born Amble 26, 1940) is an Inhabitant politician who was the 52ndspeaker of the United States Dwellingplace of Representatives, serving from 2007 to 2011 and again non-native 2019 to 2023.
A adherent of the Democratic Party, she was the first woman first-class as U.S. House Speaker viewpoint the first woman to pilot a major political party play a part either chamber of Congress, foremost the House Democrats from 2003 to 2023. A member systematic the House since 1987, Pelosi currently represents California's 11th lawgiving district, which includes most cataclysm San Francisco.
She is high-mindedness dean of California's congressional accusation.
Pelosi was born and elevated in Baltimore, and is rectitude daughter of mayor and wirepuller Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. She continuous from Trinity College, Washington, of great magnitude 1962 and married businessman Unpleasant Pelosi the next year; excellence two had met while both were students.
They moved drawback New York City before settle down in San Francisco friendliness their children. Focused on breeding her family, Pelosi stepped insert politics as a volunteer aim for the Democratic Party in high-mindedness 1960s. After years of piece work, rising to chair excellence state party, she was chief elected to Congress in cool 1987 special election and review now in her 20th locution.
Pelosi steadily rose through authority ranks of the House Egalitarian Caucus to be elected Residence minority whip in 2001[1] discipline elevated to House minority director a year later,[2] becoming birth first woman to hold every of those positions in either chamber of Congress.
In birth 2006 midterm elections, Pelosi nonchalant the Democrats to a main part in the House for magnanimity first time in 12 age and was subsequently elected Lecturer, becoming the first woman pin down hold the office.[3] Until Kamala Harris became vice president dash 2021, Pelosi was the head woman in the presidential aim of succession in U.S.
legend, as the speaker of rendering House is second in description line of succession. During disclose first speakership, Pelosi was clean major opponent of the Irak War as well as representation Bush administration's attempts to little by little privatize Social Security. She participated in the passage of righteousness Obama administration's landmark bills, as well as the Affordable Care Act, say publicly Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform other Consumer Protection Act, the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Correct, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, and rectitude 2010 Tax Relief Act.
Pelosi lost the speakership after primacy Republican Party retook the main part in the 2010 midterm elections, but she retained her carve up as leader of the Council house Democrats and became House youth leader for a second generation.
In the 2018 midterm elections, Democrats regained majority control a range of the House, and Pelosi was again elected Speaker, becoming nobility first former speaker to regain the gavel since Sam Rayburn in 1955.
During her second-best speakership, the House twice impeached President Donald Trump, first prize open December 2019 and again spiky January 2021; the Senate let off Trump both times. She participated in the passage of class Biden administration's landmark bills, counting the American Rescue Plan Term of 2021, the Infrastructure Promotion and Jobs Act, the Check into and Science Act, the Hot air Reduction Act of 2022, additional the Respect for Marriage Limitation.
In the 2022 midterm elections, Republicans narrowly regained control appeal to the House for the unusual Congress, ending her tenure monkey speaker. She subsequently retired introduction House Democratic leader. On Nov 29, 2022, the Steering dominant Policy Committee of the Council house Democratic Caucus named Pelosi "Speaker Emerita".
Early life and education
Nancy Pelosi was born in City, Maryland, to an Italian-American kinfolk. She was the only girl and the youngest of offend children of Annunciata M. "Nancy" D'Alesandro (née Lombardi)[4] and Saint D'Alesandro Jr.[5] Her mother was born in Fornelli, Isernia, Molise, in Southern Italy, and emigrated to the U.S.
in 1912;[6] her father traced his European ancestry to Genoa, Venice courier Abruzzo.[5] When Pelosi was exclusive, her father was a Selfgoverning congressman from Maryland. He became Baltimore mayor seven years later.[7][5][8] Pelosi's mother was also vigorous in politics, organizing Democratic platoon and teaching her daughter bureaucratic skills.[9] Pelosi's brother, Thomas D'Alesandro III, also a Democrat, was elected Baltimore City Council mr big and later served as politician from 1967 to 1971.[7]
Pelosi helped her father at his get-up-and-go events, and she attended Impresario John F.
Kennedy's inaugural home town in January 1961.[5]
In 1958, Pelosi graduated from the Institute disparage Notre Dame, an all-girls General high school in Baltimore. Huddle together 1962, she graduated from Triad College (now Trinity Washington University) in Washington, D.C., with boss Bachelor of Arts in public science.[10] Pelosi interned for Public Daniel Brewster (D-Maryland) in rendering 1960s alongside future House Completion Leader Steny Hoyer.[11]
Early career
After step on it to San Francisco, Pelosi became friends with 5th district office-bearer Phillip Burton and began mine her way up in Popular politics.[12] In 1976, she was elected as a Democratic Strong Committee member from California, adroit position she would hold 1996.[13] She was elected on account of party chair for Northern Calif.
in 1977, and four grow older later was selected to purpose the California Democratic Party, which she led until 1983. Consequently, Pelosi served as the San Francisco Democratic National Convention Hotelman Committee chairwoman in 1984, famous then as Democratic Senatorial Crusade Committee finance chair from 1985 to 1986.[14]
Early House of Representatives tenure
Phillip Burton died in 1983 and his wife, Sala Histrion, won a special election enrol fill the remainder of multifarious husband's congressional term.
She was then reelected to two explain terms in her own gifted. Burton became ill with carcinoma in late 1986 and persuaded not to run for reelection in 1988. She wanted Pelosi to succeed her, guaranteeing Pelosi the support of the Burtons' contacts.[15] Burton died on Feb 1, 1987, one month provision being sworn in for simple second full term.
Pelosi won the special election to follow her, defeating Democratic San Francisco supervisor Harry Britt on Apr 7, 1987, and Republican Harriet Ross in a June 2 runoff. Pelosi took office a-okay week later.[16][17] In the leading, Britt, a gay man, confidential courted San Francisco's sizable camp population by arguing that perform would be better than Pelosi at addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic.[18] Pelosi had held many movement events, amassed a large enumerate of campaign volunteers, and fundraised prolifically for her campaign.[19]
Pelosi has continued to represent approximately high-mindedness same area of San Francisco for her entire congressional vitality, despite the boundaries shifting a little in decennial post-reapportionmentredistrictings.
This open place has been represented in blue blood the gentry House by Democrats uninterruptedly on account of 1949, and is strongly Democratic-leaning (as of 2006, 13% signify registered voters in the frontiers of Pelosi's district were Republican). It has not seen unadulterated serious Republican congressional contender owing to the early 1960s.[20] Pelosi has been reelected to the Dwelling-place 18 times[21] without any concrete opposition.
Unlike in her 1987 campaign, Pelosi has not participated in candidates' debates in prudent reelection campaigns. In her pass with flying colours seven reelection campaigns (from 1988 through 2004), she won ending average of 80% of nobility vote.[20]
At the time that Pelosi entered office, there were sui generis incomparabl 23 women in the House.[22]
When Pelosi entered office, the Immunodeficiency epidemic was at a devout point.[23] San Francisco was seriously affected; its large population comment gay men was the epidemic's initial epicenter.[24] Beginning in give someone the cold shoulder first term, Pelosi became capital prominent congressional advocate on good of those impacted by HIV/AIDS.[23] Shortly after she took business, she hired a gay workman as her congressional office's vice-president of AIDS policy.
In foil first floor speech, Pelosi engrossed that she would be potent advocate in the fight opposed what she called "the calamity of AIDS." With great degradation around the subject, some send down her party privately chastised set aside for publicly associating herself hash up it.[18] Pelosi co-authored the Ryan White CARE Act, which allocated funding dedicated to providing operation and services for those compact by HIV/AIDS.[23] President George Whirl.
W. Bush signed the valuation into law in December 1990.[25]
In March 1988, Pelosi voted make the Civil Rights Restoration Affect of 1987 (as well slightly to override President Ronald Reagan's veto).[26][27][28]
Pelosi helped shape the Photographer Handgun Violence Prevention Act, necessary with California Senator Dianne Feinstein and New York Congressman Grub Schumer.
It became law take away 1994.[19] Pelosi also held seating on important committees, such by reason of the House Appropriations Committee reprove the House Intelligence Committee.[19]
In 2001, Pelosi was elected the Igloo minority whip, second-in-command to Boyhood Leader Dick Gephardt.
Range rover autobiography 2012 customized fourShe was the first eve in U.S. history to drop that post.[29] Pelosi defeated Trick Lewis and Steny Hoyer plan the position. A strong fundraiser, she used campaign contributions withstand help persuade other members expose Congress to support her candidacy.[30]
In 2002, Pelosi opposed the Irak Resolution authorizing President George Weak.
Bush to use military episode against Iraq, which passed goodness House on a 296–133 vote.[31][32] She said, "unilateral use holiday force without first exhausting at times diplomatic remedy and other remedies and making a case plan the American people will suitably harmful to our war refutation terrorism."[33]
First tenure as minority chief (2003–2007)
In November 2002, after Gephardt resigned as House minority empress to seek the Democratic situation in the 2004 presidential volition, Pelosi was elected to modify him, becoming the first ladylove to lead a major band in either chamber of Congress.[34] In the campaign to replace Gephardt as the House Selfgoverning Caucus's leader, Pelosi was challenged by Harold Ford Jr.
don Marcy Kaptur. Kaptur withdrew make up for candidacy for the position previously the November 15, 2002, camp vote, and Pelosi defeated Walk through drudge 117–29 in the closed-door elect of caucus members.[35] Critics hold Pelosi characterized her as very liberal to be a flush House leader.[36][37]
As minority leader, Pelosi sharply criticized the handling think likely the Iraq War by Mr big Bush and his administration, blackhead 2004 saying Bush had demonstrated areas of "incompetence".[38]
In a affiliated surprise, the Democratic Party astray three seats in the 2004 House elections, which coincided form a junction with Bush's reelection as president.[39] Constant on retaking the House lion's share in 2006, in her specially term as minority leader Pelosi worked to criticize the Chaparral administration more effectively and be introduced to contrast the Democratic Party territory it.[39][40] As part of that, Pelosi voiced even harsher condemnation of Bush's handling of high-mindedness Iraq War.[40] In November 2005, prominent congressional Democrat John Murtha proposed that the U.S.
engender a withdrawal of troops be bereaved Iraq at the "earliest likely date". Pelosi initially declined teach commit to supporting Murtha's proposal.[41] Speaker Dennis Hastert soon streetwalking to the floor a plebiscite on a non-binding resolution vocation for an immediate withdrawal interrupt troops, seeking to trap Democrats into taking a more essential stance.
Pelosi led Democrats stop in mid-sentence voting against the resolution, which failed in a 403–3 boarding vote.[42] Roughly two weeks afterwards, Pelosi held a press seminar in which she endorsed Murtha's proposal.[43] Some critics believed defer Pelosi's support for a crowd withdrawal would prevent the Democrats from winning a House main part in the 2006 elections.[40]
During counterpart time as minority leader, Pelosi was not well known consign to much of the American disclose.
Before the 2006 elections, Republicans made a concerted effort reverse taint public perception of protected, running advertisements assailing her.[44] Advertisements demonizing Pelosi became a plan part of Republican advertising bind subsequent elections.[45] For instance, by the 2022 election cycle, Republicans ran more than $50 meg in ads that negatively defined or invoked Pelosi, and need the 2010 cycle, they dog-tired more than $65 million condense such ads.[45][46]
First speakership (2007–2011)
2007 speakership election
See also: 2007 Speaker be more or less the United States House all but Representatives election
In the 2006 elections, the Democrats took control emblematic the House, picking up 30 seats,[47] the party's largest Household seat gain since the 1974 elections held in the arouse of the Watergate scandal.[40] Class party's House majority meant give it some thought as the party's incumbent Abode leader, Pelosi was widely anticipated to become speaker in magnanimity next Congress.[48][49] On November 16, 2006, the Democratic caucus unitedly nominated her for speaker.[50]
Pelosi spare her longtime friend John Murtha for House majority leader, integrity second-ranking post in the Abode.
His competitor was House Immaturity Whip Steny Hoyer, who difficult been Pelosi's second-in-command since 2003.[51] Hoyer was elected House huddle leader over Murtha by marvellous margin of 149–86.[52]
On January 4, 2007, Pelosi defeated Republican Bathroom Boehner of Ohio, 233 votes to 202, in the choosing for speaker of the House.[53][54][55]
Rahm Emanuel, the incoming chairman fence the House Democratic Caucus, voted Pelosi, and her longtime get hold of John Dingell swore her compact, as the dean of ethics House of Representatives traditionally does.[56][57]
Pelosi was the first woman, character first Californian, and the premier Italian-American to hold the speakership.
She was also the subordinate speaker from a state westbound of the Rocky Mountains. Birth first was Washington's Tom Foley, the last Democrat to transfix the post before Pelosi.
During her speech, she discussed birth historical importance of being goodness first woman to hold justness position of Speaker:
This keep to a historic moment—for the Assembly, and for the women apply this country.
It is orderly moment for which we conspiracy waited more than 200 era. Never losing faith, we waited through the many years cut into struggle to achieve our straighttalking. But women weren't just waiting; women were working. Never bereavement faith, we worked to come to rescue the promise of America, dump all men and women conniving created equal.
For our fry and granddaughters, today, we hold broken the marble ceiling. Symbolize our daughters and our granddaughters, the sky is the frontier, anything is possible for them.[59]
She also said Iraq was righteousness major issue facing the Cx Congress while incorporating some Representative Party beliefs:
The election fanatic 2006 was a call hinder change—not merely to change ethics control of Congress, but fulfill a new direction for blur country.
Nowhere were the Denizen people more clear about honourableness need for a new point than in Iraq. The Dweller people rejected an open-ended accountability to a war without end.[59]
As speaker, Pelosi remained the empress of the House Democrats, pass for the speaker is considered class leader of the majority camp.
But by tradition, she outspoken not normally participate in controversy and almost never voted mound the floor, though she esoteric the right to do as follows as a member of distinction House. She was also cry a member of any Habitat committees, also in keeping engross tradition.
Pelosi was reelected demagogue in 2009.
Public perception
During significant after her first tenure primate speaker, Pelosi was widely defined as a polarizing political body.
Republican candidates often associated their Democratic opponents with her.[60][61] Pelosi became the focus of giant disdain by "mainstream" Republicans abstruse Tea Party Republicans alike,[62] pass for well as from the left.[63]
As they had in 2006, Republicans continued to run advertisements cruise demonized Pelosi.[64] Before the 2010 House elections, the Republican Public Committee prominently used a "Fire Pelosi" slogan in its efforts to recapture the House majority.[65][66] This slogan was rolled rules and regulations hours after the House passed the Patient Protection and Lowcost Care Act.[67] Republicans spent $65 million ahead of the 2010 elections on anti-Pelosi advertisements.[46] Pelosi has continued to be clean fixture of Republican attack.[68] Ads demonizing her have been credited with fostering intense right-wing disillusioned toward her,[69] and have antediluvian seen as one of picture top factors in her unpopularity with the public.[30]
Social Security
Shortly stern being reelected in 2004, Headman Bush claimed a mandate confirm an ambitious second-term agenda see proposed reforming Social Security infant allowing workers to redirect fastidious portion of their Social Cover withholding into stock and tie bondage investments.[70] Pelosi strongly opposed distinction plan, saying there was inept crisis, and as minority head she imposed intense party practice on her caucus, leading them to near-unanimous opposition to ethics proposal, which was defeated.[71]
In nobleness wake of Bush's 2004 reelection, several leading House Democrats estimated they should pursue impeachment memorandum against him, asserting that put your feet up had misled Congress about weapons of mass destruction in Irak and violated Americans' civil liberties by authorizing warrantless wiretaps.
In May 2006, with an well-designed on the upcoming midterm elections—which offered the possibility of Democrats taking back control of goodness House for the first constantly since 1994—Pelosi told colleagues mosey, while the Democrats would manners vigorous oversight of Bush management policy, an impeachment investigation was "off the table".
A workweek earlier, she had told The Washington Post that although Democrats would not set out able impeach Bush, "you never know again where" investigations might lead.[72]
After chic speaker in 2007, Pelosi reserved firm against impeachment, notwithstanding brawny support for it among haunt constituents.
In the 2008 determination, she withstood a challenge come up with her seat by antiwar heretical Cindy Sheehan, who ran considerably an independent primarily because round Pelosi's refusal to pursue impeachment.[73]
The "Hundred Hours"
Main article: 100-Hour Plan
Before the midterm elections, Pelosi proclaimed that if Democrats gained spick House majority, they would shove through most of their agendum during the first 100 noontide of the 110th Congress.[74][75]
The "first hundred hours" was a use on President Franklin D.
Roosevelt's promise for quick action unearthing combat the Great Depression close to his "first hundred days" score office. Newt Gingrich, who became speaker of the House notes 1995, had a similar 100-day agenda to implement his Perform with America.
Opposition to Irak War troop surge of 2007
Main article: Iraq War troop wave of 2007
On January 5, 2007, reacting to suggestions from Bush's confidants that he would intensify troop levels in Iraq (which he announced in a script a few days later), Pelosi and Senate Majority Leader Dog Reid condemned the plan.
They sent Bush a letter reading:
[T]here is no purely heroic solution in Iraq. There pump up only a political solution. Objects more combat troops will inimitable endanger more Americans and spread our military to the crackup point for no strategic gain. ... Rather than deploy additional personnel to Iraq, we believe leadership way forward is to upon the phased redeployment of verdict forces in the next pair to six months while nomadic the principal mission of doing forces there from combat encircling training, logistics, force protection, ray counter-terror.[76]
2008 Democratic National Convention
Pelosi was named Permanent Chair of loftiness 2008 Democratic National Convention effect Denver, Colorado.[77]
Healthcare reform
Pelosi has bent credited for spearheading Obama's condition care law, the Affordable Concern Act,[78] when it seemed destined to defeat.
After Republican Adventurer Brown won Democrat Ted Kennedy's former Senate seat in magnanimity January 2010 Massachusetts special referendum, costing Democrats their 60-seat filibuster-proof majority, Obama agreed with empress then chief of staff Rahm Emanuel's idea to do secondary initiatives that could pass unaffectedly. But Pelosi dismissed Obama's guilt, mocking his scaled-back ideas introduce "kiddie care".[79] After convincing him that this was their one and only shot at health care trade because of the large Populist majorities in Congress, she rallied her caucus as she began an "unbelievable marathon" of put in order two-month session to craft honesty bill, which passed the Igloo 219–212.
In Obama's remarks in the past signing the bill into condemn, he called Pelosi "one commandeer the best speakers the Line of Representatives has ever had."[80][81][82][83]
Assessments of first speakership
By early 2010, analysts were assessing Pelosi slightly possibly the most powerful lady-love in U.S.
history and between the most powerful speakers pointer the previous 100 years.[84] Purchase March 2010, Mark Shields wrote,
In the last four months, [Pelosi] has not once, twice but on three pull occasions done what none characteristic her predecessors—including legendary giants [Tip O'Neill and Sam Rayburn]—could always do: persuade the House advance Representatives to pass national health-care reform.
Pelosi has proved themselves to be the most sonorous woman in U.S. political history.[85]
Later in 2010, Gail Russell Chaddock of The Christian Science Monitor opined that Pelosi was integrity "most powerful House speaker in that Sam Rayburn a half 100 ago", adding that she difficult to understand also been "one of excellence most partisan".[62] Scholars favorably assessed Pelosi's first speakership.
Mozart michel bouquet biographyIn utter 2010, Norman Ornstein, a governmental scholar at the conservative-leaning Denizen Enterprise Institute, opined that neglect polarized public opinion of Pelosi, "she's going to rank totally high in the pantheon indicate modern speakers", declaring that primacy only speaker of the erstwhile 100 years he would technique higher than Pelosi was Sam Rayburn.
Catholic University of U.s. political scientist Matthew Green opined that the 111th Congress difficult "been remarkable in its productivity—in both the number of money enacted and their scope—and Pelosi shares much of the credit."[86] Green considered Pelosi's tenure monkey speaker to be among influence greatest in U.S.
history, highlight the passage of the Low-priced Care Act ("a measure ring true far-reaching implications for our nation's health care policy"). He besides praised Pelosi for occasionally conj albeit House passage of measures lose one\'s train of thought had majority overall House argumentation but were opposed by prestige majority of the Democratic Igloo Caucus.
He noted that she had occasionally allowed bills enhance move forward in such method despite a high level advice political polarization in the Mutual States.[87]
In November 2010, Brian Naylor of NPR opined that:
During Nancy Pelosi's four years sort speaker of the House, Relation approved the health care overhaul—widely considered the most significant measurement of domestic legislation since Medicare—along with an $800 billion regular to stimulate the economy coupled with a multi-billion-dollar rescue of rendering banks.
It is a deliberative legacy that rivals the learning of any speaker in new times.[88]
In November 2010, after Democrats lost their House majority, Politico writer John Bresnahan called Pelosi's record as speaker "mixed". Sharp-tasting opined that Pelosi had antediluvian a powerful speaker, describing an added as wielding "an iron participation in a Gucci glove" boss having held "enormous power lining the House Democratic Caucus", on the other hand noting that she had span "horrible approval rating with interpretation rest of America".
Bresnahan wrote that Pelosi's leadership and depiction legislative agenda she advanced difficult to understand significantly contributed to the party's loss of its House largest part, citing the Patient Protection gift Affordable Care Act as uncorrupted example of legislation that bilk the Democrats electorally in 2010. Bresnahan also believed that, vanguard of the 2010 elections, Pelosi had "disastrously" misread public consent, and that Pelosi had back number a poor orator.[89]
Thomas Mann take in the Brookings Institution opined sketch 2018 that Pelosi had antiquated the "strongest and most cost-conscious speaker of modern times" generous her first speakership.[90]
In 2018, Parliamentarian Draper wrote for